White Paper : Tw 0056

Gary Mulcahy is Chief Technology Officer and Co-CEO of TDI. He received his BE-EE from New York University followed by graduate study at the Polytechnic Institute of New York. Mr. Mulcahy is a recognized authority in power conversion technology and the design, development and production of power systems for maximum performance and reliability with minimal life cycle cost of ownership. JOHN SANTINI John Santini is Vice President of Engineering of TDI. He received his BSEE from Cornell University. Along with a career that includes founding and running his own company which provided high end power conversion equipment for military and commercial systems, Mr. Santini is a noted authority on hybrid vehicle systems. Among his long line of technological achievements, John once converted a 1967 Corvette into a fully electrical vehicle. 3 Introduction The emergence of Electric Vehicles (EV's) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV's) has provided the possibility of utilizing energy stored in the vehicle's battery to power AC equipment from the vehicle (referred to as export AC power), or recycling power from the vehicle's battery back to the utility grid (referred to as Grid-tie power). With these opportunities come new considerations for personnel safety in the situation where there are unintentional faults from the power lines to ground. This paper analyzes various scenarios, pointing to viable solutions for personnel safety assurance circuits.